石墨烯是目前世界上最薄卻也是最堅(jiān)硬的納米材料，它是由單層碳原子構(gòu)成的蜂窩狀二維晶體，具有優(yōu)異的電學(xué)、熱傳導(dǎo)、阻隔性等材料性能，被稱為“黑金”和“新材料之王”。科學(xué)家曾預(yù)言“石墨烯將徹底改變21世紀(jì)”。
雖然榮獲2010年諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)的兩位科學(xué)家僅憑借一卷膠帶、一支鉛筆就制備出了石墨烯，但這并不代表石墨烯就能很快被大規(guī)模生產(chǎn)。事實(shí)上受技術(shù)所限，要大量制得質(zhì)量高、缺陷少、性能優(yōu)異的石墨烯絕非易事。
當(dāng)前石墨烯的制備技術(shù)主要包括：化學(xué)氣相沉積法，氧化還原法，微機(jī)械剝離法和外延生長(zhǎng)法等。氧化還原因?yàn)椴僮骱?jiǎn)單、制備成本低，產(chǎn)率高等優(yōu)點(diǎn)已成為實(shí)驗(yàn)室的石墨烯主流合成方法。具體操作過(guò)程為：先用強(qiáng)氧化劑濃硫酸、濃硝酸、高錳酸鉀等將石墨氧化成氧化石墨，氧化過(guò)程即在石墨層間穿插一些含氧官能團(tuán)，從而加大了石墨層間距，然后經(jīng)超聲處理一段時(shí)間之后，就可形成單層或數(shù)層氧化石墨烯，再用強(qiáng)還原劑水合肼、硼氫化鈉等將氧化石墨烯還原成石墨烯。
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| 氧化石墨烯制備流程（來(lái)源：材料+） |
氧化還原法看似簡(jiǎn)單，要注意的地方其實(shí)有很多，比如：氧化劑的濃度要合適，反應(yīng)時(shí)間要控制，各種參數(shù)要調(diào)控等。操作上也需倍加小心，且不說(shuō)實(shí)驗(yàn)中用到的強(qiáng)氧化劑腐蝕性高，在將這些強(qiáng)氧化劑混合時(shí)尤其要注意用量和比例，超出限制很可能引發(fā)爆炸。
所以說(shuō)，制備石墨烯的過(guò)程也算是經(jīng)歷九九八十一難，才能得到理想的產(chǎn)物�？上Ъ幢隳阋宦放�，操作得當(dāng)，有時(shí)候?qū)嶒?yàn)還是會(huì)以失敗告終。
Sigma-Aldrich可以提供多種形式的石墨烯和氧化石墨烯產(chǎn)品，有膜、有粉末、有水溶液。
| Graphene Films | |
| 產(chǎn)品編號(hào) | 產(chǎn)品描述 |
| 3092685 | Graphene field effect transistor chip |
| 3092695 | Graphene nanoribbons alkyl functionalized |
| 3092696 | Graphene nanoribbons |
| 3154816 | Monolayer graphene film, 1 cm x 1 cm on copper foil |
| 3154817 | Monolayer graphene film, 1 cm x 1 cm on quartz |
| 3154818 | Monolayer graphene film, 1 cm x 1 cm on SiO2/Si substrate |
| 3154819 | Monolayer graphene film, 1 in x 1 in on copper foil |
| 3154820 | Monolayer graphene film, 1 in. x 1 in. on PET film |
| 3154821 | Monolayer graphene film, 2 in. x 2 in. on PET film |
| 3246098 | Suspended monolayer graphene on TEM grid substrate (Quantifoil gold) |
| Graphene Ink | |
| 產(chǎn)品編號(hào) | 產(chǎn)品描述 |
| 3092681 | Graphene dispersion with ethyl cellulose in cyclohexanone and terpineol, inkjet printable |
| 3092682 | Graphene dispersion 10 mg/mL, dispersion in NMP |
| 3092683 | Graphene dispersion with ethyl cellulose in terpineol, gravure printable |
| 3092684 | Graphene dispersion with ethyl cellulose in terpineol, screen printable |
| 3092686 | Graphene ink in water flexo/gravure/screen printable |
| 3092687 | Graphene ink in water Inkjet printable |
| 3092688 | Graphene ink in water screen printable |
| 3300565 | 3D Printing Graphene Ink |
| Graphene Oxide | |
| 產(chǎn)品編號(hào) | 產(chǎn)品描述 |
| 3092697 | Graphene oxide 2 mg/mL, dispersion in H2O |
| 3092698 | Graphene oxide sheets |
| 3092699 | Graphene oxide 4 mg/mL, dispersion in H2O |
| 3092700 | Graphene oxide 15-20 sheets, 4-10% edge-oxidized, 1 mg/mL, dispersion in H2O |
| 3092701 | Graphene oxide powder, 15-20 sheets, 4-10% edge-oxidized |
| 3092703 | Graphene oxide, alkylamine functionalized 2.0 mg/mL, dispersion (in toluene) |
| 3092704 | Graphene oxide, ammonia functionalized 1 mg/mL, dispersion in H2O |
| 3092702 | Graphene oxide nanocolloids 2 mg/mL, dispersion in H2O |
| Graphene Powder and Dispersion | |
| 產(chǎn)品編號(hào) | 產(chǎn)品描述 |
| 3092689 | Graphene nanoplatelets powder |
| 3092690 | Graphene nanoplatelets 1 mg/mL, dispersion in H2O |
| 3092691 | Graphene nanoplatelets powder, polycarboxylate functionalized, hydrophilic |
| 3092692 | Graphene nanoplatelets powder, hydrocarbon functionalized, hydrophobic |
| 3092693 | Graphene nanoplatelets powder, oxidized |
| 3092694 | Graphene nanoplatelets powder, hydrophobic |
| Nanocomposites | |
| 產(chǎn)品編號(hào) | 產(chǎn)品描述 |
| 3086884 | Fe3O4/graphene nanocomposite 10 mg/mL, dispersion in acetone |
| 3086885 | Fe3O4/reduced graphene oxide nanocomposite 10 mg/mL, dispersion in acetone |
| 3139211 | Mn3O4/graphene nanocomposite 10 mg/mL, dispersion in acetone |
| 3139212 | Mn3O4/reduced graphene oxide nanocomposite 10 mg/mL, dispersion in acetone |
| 3179595 | Pd/graphene nanocomposite 10 mg/mL, dispersion in acetone |
| 3179596 | Pd/reduced graphene oxide nanocomposite 10 mg/mL, dispersion in acetone |
| 3210716 | PtCo/graphene nanocomposite 10 mg/mL, dispersion in acetone |
| 3210717 | PtCo/reduced graphene oxide nanocomposite 10 mg/mL, dispersion in acetone |
| 3210891 | PtPd/graphene nanocomposite 10 mg/mL, dispersion in acetone |
| 3210892 | PtPd/reduced graphene oxide nanocomposite 10 mg/mL, dispersion in acetone |
| 3210691 | Pt/reduced graphene oxide nanocomposite 10 mg/mL, dispersion in acetone |
| 3252749 | TiO2/graphene nanocomposite 10 mg/mL, dispersion (in acetone) |
| Reduced Graphene Oxide | |
| 產(chǎn)品編號(hào) | 產(chǎn)品描述 |
| 3214706 | Reduced graphene oxide |
| 3214707 | Reduced graphene oxide |
| 3214708 | Reduced graphene oxide amine functionalized |
| 3214709 | Reduced graphene oxide octadecylamine functionalized |
| 3214710 | Reduced graphene oxide tetraethylene pentamine functionalized |
| 3214711 | Reduced graphene oxide piperazine functionalized |
